This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities for attracting and employing Iranian Coaches in International Leagues and Sports Competitions.  The study’s paradigm is interpretive-descriptive. Also, the research approach is qualitative and the strategy of this research is phenomenological strategy. Data were collected through interviews and in this regard, purposive sampling with heterogeneous sampling tactics was used. In fact, 23 coaches were interviewed through video call and in person. The software used in this research was MAXQDA 2020. Qualitative data analysis was performed in 7 main categories of skills, physical and mental ability, acculturation, organizational support, family support, technology familiarity and resume. These cases were summarized in the concept of "opportunities to attract and employ coaches". On the other hand, in the challenges section, there were 5 main categories of women's legal barriers, resume and education, organizational barriers, political barriers, and cultural communication barriers. All these cases were summarized in the concept of "challenges in attracting and employing Iranian coaches". According to the obtained categories, it can be said that the coaches of a society, like athletes, are among the most important and valuable human resources available. Iranian coaches, like other coaches around the world, are intelligent so that through the optimal use of opportunities along with purposive planning to eliminate obstacles and problems in various sports, both group and individual, the globe can use the existence of such coaches efficiently and dynamically.

According to the Iranian Civil Code, the husband is entitled to ask the court to ban his wife’s employment if he considers that in contrast with his prestige or family expediencies. The doctrine and legal procedure in enforcing this article acts to the wife’s detriment. Wide interpretation of “prestige” and “family expediencies”, the possibility of employment banning despite an implied term of contrast, the enforceability of the verdict which as a result forces the court to end her employment relationship with the third person and imposing her damages resulting from ending the relationship, are all detriments concerning the wife. Studying the doctrine and legal procedure in interpreting article 1117 of the Iranian Civil Code and answering the arguments represented in the two legal sources, this paper will provide solutions to preserve wife’s rights and preventing damages to her.

Condensed tannins (CTS) are flavonoid oligomers, many of which have beneficial effects on animal (safe bloat) and human health. The functions of CT are due to their ability to form reversible complex with proteins, the formation of these protein-tannin complexes making protein unavailable for microbial enzyme and activate other mechanisms like deprivation of metal ions and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation which also results in the prevention of foam formation and bloating. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that contribute to the red, violet or blue pigmentation of both seeds and flowers. The BAN gene encodes anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), an enzyme proposed to convert anthocyanidins to their corresponding 2, 3-cis -flavan - 3-ols ((+)-catechin). Transformation of leaf explants from Medicago sativa var. Rgsy27 and M.sativa var. PI genotypes was carried out with the plasmid pBI121.BAN (binary vector containing the BAN gene) by two strains of Agrobacterium tumefadens (LBA 4404 & ERA 105). Leaf explants of Rgsy27 produced more than 90% proembryogenic calli, but in PI produced about 30%. More than 65% of regenerated embryos were changed to whole plants in both genotypes. The efficiency of transformation in Rgsy27 and PI plants was depended on Agrobacterium strains, so that the strain LBA 4404 was efficient more than ERA 105 for transformation of both genotypes. Ectopic expression of the BAN in Alfalfa transgenic foliage resulted in accumulation of CTs. Thus, it has been assumed that the BAN gene also acts as starter units in tannins condensation in alfalfa. Loss of the BAN gene function increases the amount of red pigment, suggesting that the BANYULS protein might be a negative regulator of pigment production.BANYULS activity is limiting factor for CT production, making this enzyme an attractive target for induction of over expression in forage plants, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa) with the goal of inducing CT production in their foliage. The condensed tannin percentage in dry matter of transgenic Rgsy27 and PI plants was 0.474 and 0.600, respectively and 0.259 and 0.408 in control plants.